PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.The simplest way to specify a string is to enclose it in single quotes (the character ' ). To specify a literal single quote, escape it with a backslash ( \ ). To specify a literal backslash, double it ( \\ ). All other instances of backslash will be treated as a literal backslash: this means that the other escape sequences you might be used to ...Hands down the best IDE for PHP is NuSphere PHPEd. It's a no contest. It is so good that I use WINE to run it on my Mac. PHPEd has an awesome debugger built into it that can be used with their local webserver (totally automatic) or you can just install the dbg module for XAMPP or any other Apache you want to run.PHP User Defined Functions. Besides the built-in PHP functions, it is possible to create your own functions. A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program. A function will not execute automatically when a page loads. A function will be executed by a call to the function.Select Data From a MySQL Database. The SELECT statement is used to select data from one or more tables: SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name. or we can use the * character to select ALL columns from a table: SELECT * FROM table_name. To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial. Getting Started Introduction A simple tutorial Language Reference Basic syntax Types Variables Constants Expressions Operators Control Structures FunctionsYou can also call the script from the command line after chmod'ing the file (ie: chmod 755 file.php). On your first line of the file, enter "#!/usr/bin/php" (or to wherever your php executable is located). If you want to suppress the PHP headers, use the line of "#!/usr/bin/php -q" for your path. up. down.In this tutorial, you’ll create a user registration form that consists of the following input fields: Username. Email. Password. Password confirmation. Agreement checkbox. Register button. When a user fills out the form and click the Register button, you need to: Sanitize & validate the user inputs.Dec 8, 2021 · 7 Min Read. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is known as a general-purpose scripting language that can be utilized to create intuitive and dynamic websites. It was among the pioneer server-side language that can be integrated into HTML, making it easier to include functionality to web pages without requiring to call external data. Download Source Code. This photo editing application is one of those elegantly powerful PHP project ideas that blend JavaScript and PHP to produce a web app for users to create beautiful digital artwork. This PHP project also forces you to use object-oriented programming, which is a great way to hone these skills.This is like an E_WARNING set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error() E_USER_NOTICE 1024; User-generated notice. This is like an E_NOTICE set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error() E_STRICT 2048; Run-time notices. PHP suggest changes to your code to help interoperability and compatibility of the code; E ...There are two string operators. The first is the concatenation operator ('.'), which returns the concatenation of its right and left arguments. The second is the concatenating assignment operator (' .= '), which appends the argument on the right side to the argument on the left side. Please read Assignment Operators for more information.Option 1: Download through Composer. Use the following command if you have installed the package manager Composer: Important: If you have installed PHPMailer with Composer, you must include Composer in your PHP code to send mails. The following line of code is suitable: The keyword "require_once " ensures the composer is only included once.If you are using 'set names utf8' then your connection is speaking to mysql in just a subset of real utf8. You need to 'set names utf8mb4' to speak in the full utf8 character set (including passing emojis). Otherwise mysql will often truncate a string at the point it encounters a utf character which is > 3 bytes. Dec 8, 2021 · 7 Min Read. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is known as a general-purpose scripting language that can be utilized to create intuitive and dynamic websites. It was among the pioneer server-side language that can be integrated into HTML, making it easier to include functionality to web pages without requiring to call external data. Aug 1, 2023 · PHP-GTK related documentation is hosted on the PHP-GTK website. Documentation of PEAR and the various packages can be found on a separate server. You can still read a copy of the original PHP/FI 2.0 Manual on our site, which we only host for historical purposes. The same applies to the PHP 3 Manual . Jun 27, 2020 · Download the source code here https://jinujawad.com/read-any-excel-file-using-phpexcel-in-php/ Dec 8, 2021 · 7 Min Read. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is known as a general-purpose scripting language that can be utilized to create intuitive and dynamic websites. It was among the pioneer server-side language that can be integrated into HTML, making it easier to include functionality to web pages without requiring to call external data. Formatter. This PHP formatter allows you to make your code readable so you can edit it in a more simple fashion. Autodetect HTML XML CSS JavaScript PHP JSON. xxxxxxxxxx. 1. Tab size. Jun 9, 2023 · This PHP tutorial, whether you’re a beginner or a professional, our tutorial is designed to provide you with in-depth knowledge of the PHP scripting language. With our PHP tutorial, you’ll learn all the important topics, including control statements, functions, arrays, strings, file handling, form handling, regular expressions, date and ... According to w3techs, PHP is still used in 78.1% websites (with the caveat of "websites where they were able to detect the server technology"). Node.js is currently "popular", and 5-10 years ago Ruby was the "hot new thing". But PHP is the COBOL of the web - it'll never die. But unlike COBOL, PHP is continuing to evolve, grow, and get better.PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ».PDO will work on 12 different database systems, whereas MySQLi will only work with MySQL databases. So, if you have to switch your project to use another database, PDO makes the process easy. You only have to change the connection string and a few queries. With MySQLi, you will need to rewrite the entire code - queries included. FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) Installation. Configuration. Installation of PECL extensions. Introduction to PECL Installations. Downloading PECL extensions. Installing a PHP extension on Windows. Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command. Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize.Partitioning up long code blocks really helps to locate the origin of syntax errors. Comment out offending code. If you can't isolate the problem source, start to comment out (and thus temporarily remove) blocks of code. As soon as you got rid of the parsing error, you have found the problem source.Step 1- Create a HTML PHP Login Form. Step 2: Create a CSS Code for Website Design. View More. In today's digital age, the importance of online security cannot be ignored. As a result, creating a login form is an essential feature for any website that requires user authentication. The following is a guide on creating a login form in PHP.PHP Variables. A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume). A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable. A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character. A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9 ...Formatter. This PHP formatter allows you to make your code readable so you can edit it in a more simple fashion. Autodetect HTML XML CSS JavaScript PHP JSON. xxxxxxxxxx. 1. Tab size. Note that the ; is redundant; as the answers suggest this short-tag expands to an echo with a semicolon added to the end, as per the php documents. – not-just-yeti Oct 5, 2015 at 1:25PHP-PgSQL Similarly, to use PostgreSQL with PHP you should install the php-pgsql package: sudo apt install php-pgsql Configure PHP. If you have installed the libapache2-mod-php or php-cgi packages, you can run PHP scripts from your web browser. If you have installed the php-cli package, you can run PHP scripts at a terminal prompt.Aug 1, 2023 · Here's how to run dual PHP instances with PHP 5.2 and any previous PHP on Windows 2003: 1. Right-click My Computer, go to Advanced tab, and click on Environment Variables. Add the two installations and their EXT directories to the Path variable. For example, add: c:\php;c:\php\ext;c:\TMAS\php;c:\tmas\php\ext; Select Data From a MySQL Database. The SELECT statement is used to select data from one or more tables: SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name. or we can use the * character to select ALL columns from a table: SELECT * FROM table_name. To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial. A session is started with the session_start () function. Session variables are set with the PHP global variable: $_SESSION. Now, let's create a new page called "demo_session1.php". In this page, we start a new PHP session and set some session variables:PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server. PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution ... Select Data From a MySQL Database. The SELECT statement is used to select data from one or more tables: SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name. or we can use the * character to select ALL columns from a table: SELECT * FROM table_name. To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.Returns a string formatted according to the given format string using the given integer timestamp (Unix timestamp) or the current time if no timestamp is given. In other words, timestamp is optional and defaults to the value of time().Aug 1, 2023 · Here's how to run dual PHP instances with PHP 5.2 and any previous PHP on Windows 2003: 1. Right-click My Computer, go to Advanced tab, and click on Environment Variables. Add the two installations and their EXT directories to the Path variable. For example, add: c:\php;c:\php\ext;c:\TMAS\php;c:\tmas\php\ext; In summary, here are 10 of our most popular php courses. Web Applications for Everybody: University of Michigan. Building Web Applications in PHP: University of Michigan. Building Database Applications in PHP: University of Michigan. Building a Dynamic Web App using PHP & MySQL: Coursera Project Network. Learn Object-Oriented Programming with ... In this tutorial, you’ll create a user registration form that consists of the following input fields: Username. Email. Password. Password confirmation. Agreement checkbox. Register button. When a user fills out the form and click the Register button, you need to: Sanitize & validate the user inputs. Great if you like your tutorials to the point. 11. Learn-php.org Free Interactive PHP Tutorial. Learn-php.org free interactive PHP tutorial. The unique thing about this PHP tutorial is that it’s a set of interactive exercises that encourage you to try out coding and see if you can get the expected output.by Tali Smith The fastest and easiest way to install PHP on Internet Information Services (IIS) is by using the Microsoft® Web Platform Installer (Web PI). Web PI completely automates setting up IIS, FastCGI, and the latest version of PHP from the php.net Web site.event calendar. database backup and restore feature. 6. Ekushey Project Manager CRM. Ekushey is a powerful PHP customer management system and project management system. This PHP CRM script allows you to manage projects, team tasks, and client communication in a single place and in a convenient way.PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.9 · Changelog · Upgrading.PHP Create/Retrieve a Cookie. The following example creates a cookie named "user" with the value "John Doe". The cookie will expire after 30 days (86400 * 30). The "/" means that the cookie is available in entire website (otherwise, select the directory you prefer). We then retrieve the value of the cookie "user" (using the global variable ... PHP Create/Retrieve a Cookie. The following example creates a cookie named "user" with the value "John Doe". The cookie will expire after 30 days (86400 * 30). The "/" means that the cookie is available in entire website (otherwise, select the directory you prefer). We then retrieve the value of the cookie "user" (using the global variable ... PHP Operators. PHP Operator is a symbol i.e used to perform operations on operands. In simple words, operators are used to perform operations on variables or values.echo and print are more or less the same. They are both used to output data to the screen. The differences are small: echo has no return value while print has a return value of 1 so it can be used in expressions. echo can take multiple parameters (although such usage is rare) while print can take one argument. echo is marginally faster than print.PHP Create/Retrieve a Cookie. The following example creates a cookie named "user" with the value "John Doe". The cookie will expire after 30 days (86400 * 30). The "/" means that the cookie is available in entire website (otherwise, select the directory you prefer). We then retrieve the value of the cookie "user" (using the global variable ... Just like any other programming language, PHP also supports various types of operations like arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, etc), logical operations (AND, OR etc), Increment/Decrement Operations, etc. Thus, PHP provides us with many operators to perform such operations on various operands or variables, or values.لغة PHP (والتي هي اختصارٌ تعاودي للعبارة PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) هي لغةٌ مفتوحة المصدر شائعة الاستخدام لها مجال استخدامٍ عامٍ لكنها تناسب تطوير الويب ودمج لغة HTML معها. الذي يُميّز PHP عن الشيفرات التي ...There is also something called a nowdoc which is like a single quote string in PHP, but these won't let you use variables inside them. It is the start of a string that uses the HEREDOC syntax. A third way to delimit strings is the heredoc syntax: <<<. After this operator, an identifier is provided, then a newline.Formatter. This PHP formatter allows you to make your code readable so you can edit it in a more simple fashion. Autodetect HTML XML CSS JavaScript PHP JSON. xxxxxxxxxx. 1. Tab size.PHP - Keep The Values in The Form. To show the values in the input fields after the user hits the submit button, we add a little PHP script inside the value attribute of the following input fields: name, email, and website. In the comment textarea field, we put the script between the <textarea> and </textarea> tags.In this tutorial, you’ll create a user registration form that consists of the following input fields: Username. Email. Password. Password confirmation. Agreement checkbox. Register button. When a user fills out the form and click the Register button, you need to: Sanitize & validate the user inputs.PHP Version: 4+ PHP Changelog: PHP 7.2: The headers parameter also accepts an array PHP 5.4: Added header injection protection for the headers parameter. PHP 4.3.0: (Windows only) All custom headers (like From, Cc, Bcc and Date) are supported, and are not case-sensitive. PHP 4.2.3: The parameter parameter is disabled in safe mode www.php.net – PHP distribution, tutorials, newsgroups, and more. www.phpfreaks.com - PHP and MySQL tutorials, scripts, forums, and more. www.phpbuilder.com – Collection of PHP resources. Hello World If your web server supports PHP, type this example into a text file called hello.php and access it in your browser bystrpos () - Search For a Text Within a String. The PHP strpos () function searches for a specific text within a string. If a match is found, the function returns the character position of the first match. If no match is found, it will return FALSE.Select Data From a MySQL Database. The SELECT statement is used to select data from one or more tables: SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name. or we can use the * character to select ALL columns from a table: SELECT * FROM table_name. To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial. Basic PHP Syntax. A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. The default file extension for PHP files is " .php ". A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a PHP script that uses a built-in PHP function " echo " to output the text "Hello World!" May 30, 2023 · Great if you like your tutorials to the point. 11. Learn-php.org Free Interactive PHP Tutorial. Learn-php.org free interactive PHP tutorial. The unique thing about this PHP tutorial is that it’s a set of interactive exercises that encourage you to try out coding and see if you can get the expected output. To change the PHP settings, open your User or Workspace Settings ( ⌘, (Windows, Linux Ctrl+,)) and type 'php' to filter the list of available settings. To set the PHP executable path, select the Edit in settings.json link under PHP > Validate: Executable Path, which will open your user settings.json file.PHP - Keep The Values in The Form. To show the values in the input fields after the user hits the submit button, we add a little PHP script inside the value attribute of the following input fields: name, email, and website. In the comment textarea field, we put the script between the <textarea> and </textarea> tags.PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ».PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ». Installed as CGI binary. Installed as an Apache module. Persistent Database Connections. — Using PHP from the command line. DTrace Dynamic Tracing. Function Reference. Affecting PHP's Behaviour. Audio Formats Manipulation. Command Line Specific Extensions.Php login script is used to provide the authentication for our web pages. the Script executes after submitting the user login button. Login Page Login page should be as follows and works based on session.Mar 15, 2022 · by Tali Smith The fastest and easiest way to install PHP on Internet Information Services (IIS) is by using the Microsoft® Web Platform Installer (Web PI). Web PI completely automates setting up IIS, FastCGI, and the latest version of PHP from the php.net Web site. Basic class definitions begin with the keyword class, followed by a class name, followed by a pair of curly braces which enclose the definitions of the properties and methods belonging to the class. The class name can be any valid label, provided it is not a PHP reserved word. A valid class name starts with a letter or underscore, followed by ...Aug 1, 2023 · You can also call the script from the command line after chmod'ing the file (ie: chmod 755 file.php). On your first line of the file, enter "#!/usr/bin/php" (or to wherever your php executable is located). If you want to suppress the PHP headers, use the line of "#!/usr/bin/php -q" for your path. up. down. PHP-PgSQL Similarly, to use PostgreSQL with PHP you should install the php-pgsql package: sudo apt install php-pgsql Configure PHP. If you have installed the libapache2-mod-php or php-cgi packages, you can run PHP scripts from your web browser. If you have installed the php-cli package, you can run PHP scripts at a terminal prompt.PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server. PHP can collect form data. PHP can send and receive cookies. PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database. PHP can be used to control user-access. PHP can encrypt data. With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images or PDF files.Sep 28, 2020 · Wikipedia lists 40 PHP frameworks, but some of those are better described as content management systems, and undoubtedly there are many more. Early PHP frameworks include PHPlib, Horde, and Pear. Most of the big names now launched in 2005 or later. Here are some of the best PHP frameworks in use today. Also, you can increase PHP’s memory limit for specific websites. One method would be to place a php.ini file in the site’s webroot. You can even set the limit for specific scriptname.php. For example using ini_set(‘memory_limit’,’256MB’). How to increase PHP memory_limit. To increase the PHP memory limit setting, edit your PHP.ini file.8.1. Release Date 2021-11-25. Version Status Supported. PHP 8.1, released in 2021, brings major new features such as Enums, Fibers, never return type, Intersection Types, readonly properties, and more, while ironing out some of its undesired legacy features by deprecating them.The double arrow operator, =>, is used as an access mechanism for arrays. This means that what is on the left side of it will have a corresponding value of what is on the right side of it in array context. This can be used to set values of any acceptable type into a corresponding index of an array. The index can be associative (string based) or ...Factors to Consider When Choosing a PHP Framework. Best PHP Frameworks in 2023 (Comparison Table) 10 Best PHP Frameworks in 2023 (Ranked) Laravel. Symfony. Yii 2. CakePHP. CodeIgniter. Zend Framework.PHP Variables. A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume). A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable. A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character. A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9 ... Dec 1, 2019 · PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websites whose server-side language is known. It is typically ... Aug 18, 2023 · Step 1- Create a HTML PHP Login Form. Step 2: Create a CSS Code for Website Design. View More. In today's digital age, the importance of online security cannot be ignored. As a result, creating a login form is an essential feature for any website that requires user authentication. The following is a guide on creating a login form in PHP. PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ». In summary, here are 10 of our most popular php courses. Web Applications for Everybody: University of Michigan. Building Web Applications in PHP: University of Michigan. Building Database Applications in PHP: University of Michigan. Building a Dynamic Web App using PHP & MySQL: Coursera Project Network. Learn Object-Oriented Programming with ... In summary, here are 10 of our most popular php courses. Web Applications for Everybody: University of Michigan. Building Web Applications in PHP: University of Michigan. Building Database Applications in PHP: University of Michigan. Building a Dynamic Web App using PHP & MySQL: Coursera Project Network. Learn Object-Oriented Programming with ...If you have permission to SSH into the remote server, use the command line to check the installed PHP version. This method is also useful for checking the PHP version installed locally. 1. Type the PHP command: php -v. 2. The php -v command works on Linux, macOS, Windows, and other supported systems. Its output contains the PHP version number ...PHP is an open-source, interpreted, and object-oriented scripting language that can be executed at the server-side. PHP is well suited for web development. Therefore, it is used to develop web applications (an application that executes on the server and generates the dynamic page.). PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 but appeared in the ... PHP Operators. Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values. PHP divides the operators in the following groups: Arithmetic operators. Assignment operators. Comparison operators. Increment/Decrement operators. Logical operators. String operators.PHP. PHP is the scripting language in which Moodle is developed. It is integrated with your web server. The web server detects php pages (by their extension) and sends them to PHP for execution. PHP must be installed and configured properly for Moodle to work effectively (or at all).
. Mutf fsptx
Click on the URL button, Enter URL and Submit. This tool supports loading the PHP File to beautify. Click on the Upload button and select File. It beautify pure PHP framework file such as Laravel, CodeIgniter, YII, CakePHP, Symfony and many more one file at a time. PHP Source Code Beautifier Online works well on Windows, MAC, Linux, Chrome ... PHP Programming at Wikibooks. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. [9] It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995. [10] [11] The PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP Group. [12] PHP was originally an abbreviation of Personal Home ... Whether you use utf8 or utf8mb4, PHP will get valid UTF-8 in both cases. What you need to make sure is that the connection encoding between PHP and MySQL is set to utf8mb4 . If it's set to utf8 , MySQL will not support all characters.PHP echo and print Statements. echo and print are more or less the same. They are both used to output data to the screen. The differences are small: echo has no return value while print has a return value of 1 so it can be used in expressions. echo can take multiple parameters (although such usage is rare) while print can take one argument ... PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. It is open-source which means it is free to download and use. It is very simple to learn and use. The files have the extension “.php”. Rasmus Lerdorf inspired the first version of PHP and participated in the later versions. It is an interpreted language and ...May 30, 2023 · Great if you like your tutorials to the point. 11. Learn-php.org Free Interactive PHP Tutorial. Learn-php.org free interactive PHP tutorial. The unique thing about this PHP tutorial is that it’s a set of interactive exercises that encourage you to try out coding and see if you can get the expected output. Mar 15, 2022 · by Tali Smith The fastest and easiest way to install PHP on Internet Information Services (IIS) is by using the Microsoft® Web Platform Installer (Web PI). Web PI completely automates setting up IIS, FastCGI, and the latest version of PHP from the php.net Web site. Jun 15, 2022 · Option 1: Download through Composer. Use the following command if you have installed the package manager Composer: Important: If you have installed PHPMailer with Composer, you must include Composer in your PHP code to send mails. The following line of code is suitable: The keyword "require_once " ensures the composer is only included once. Click on the URL button, Enter URL and Submit. This tool supports loading the PHP File to beautify. Click on the Upload button and select File. It beautify pure PHP framework file such as Laravel, CodeIgniter, YII, CakePHP, Symfony and many more one file at a time. PHP Source Code Beautifier Online works well on Windows, MAC, Linux, Chrome ...I run 'php artisan migrate' command on window 8.1, laravel 7, xamp (php version 7.3.2) . I found some error, my all table did not migrate, how to fix [closed] Illuminate\Database\QueryException SQLSTATE [42S01]: Base table or view already exists: 1050 Table 'users' already exists. I have a CLI screenshot of the error:PHP Projects Free Downloads include around 36 Free PHP projects, 3 Projects built using CodeIgniter, and 36 Paid PHP projects. These projects are very obliging to enhance your skills with attractive web applications, and each Project is well designed for effective and interactive usage. The PHP projects are categorized into versatile topics ...The optional timestamp parameter in the date () function specifies a timestamp. If omitted, the current date and time will be used (as in the examples above). The PHP mktime () function returns the Unix timestamp for a date. The Unix timestamp contains the number of seconds between the Unix Epoch (January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT) and the time ...There are two string operators. The first is the concatenation operator ('.'), which returns the concatenation of its right and left arguments. The second is the concatenating assignment operator (' .= '), which appends the argument on the right side to the argument on the left side. Please read Assignment Operators for more information.The optional timestamp parameter in the date () function specifies a timestamp. If omitted, the current date and time will be used (as in the examples above). The PHP mktime () function returns the Unix timestamp for a date. The Unix timestamp contains the number of seconds between the Unix Epoch (January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT) and the time ....